Guide to Singapore Mahjong for Chinese New Year and all year round

In Singapore, mahjong isn’t just a game—it’s practically a national sport, complete with fierce aunties, clinking tiles, and the occasional side-eye when someone takes too long to discard. Whether you’re a seasoned player calculating fan points like a Wall Street trader or a newbie who thinks “pong” is just a sound effect, mahjong has a way of pulling people in. In this article, we’ll explore the history of mahjong, why it’s so addictive, where to play in Singapore, and most importantly, where to buy a set so you can host your own game nights and pretend you actually know the rules.

What is Mahjong?

Mahjong is a tile-based game that originated in China and has become a beloved pastime in Singapore and many parts of Asia. Played with a set of 144 intricately designed tiles, the game is typically enjoyed by four players who aim to form winning combinations through strategy, skill, and a touch of luck. Combining elements of rummy and poker, mahjong requires sharp observation, quick thinking, and an ability to read opponents’ moves. While the gameplay can seem intimidating to beginners, its mix of chance and strategy keeps both casual and competitive players coming back for more.

History of Mahjong

Mahjong traces its roots back to the Qing Dynasty in China, with some historians believing it was developed as early as the mid-1800s. Originally played among the Chinese elite, it quickly gained popularity and spread across Asia and beyond, adapting to regional preferences along the way. During the early 20th century, mahjong reached Western countries, marketed as an exotic and intellectual game, and experienced a surge in popularity during the 1920s. In Singapore, mahjong has been deeply ingrained in the local culture, often played during festive seasons like Chinese New Year, symbolizing prosperity and good fortune. Over time, different variations emerged—Japanese Riichi, Cantonese-style, and the Singaporean version—each with its own rules and scoring systems, reflecting the game’s adaptability and enduring appeal.

Where Do People Play Mahjong?

Mahjong is most popular in the following countries:

• China – The birthplace of mahjong, where it is deeply ingrained in culture and played in homes, teahouses, and dedicated mahjong parlors.
• Hong Kong – Known for its fast-paced Cantonese-style mahjong, often enjoyed at social gatherings and family events.
• Taiwan – Features a unique scoring system and is a staple during festivals, weddings, and family reunions.
• Japan – Plays Riichi mahjong, a modern and competitive version widely popular in tournaments, online games, and anime culture.
• Singapore – Frequently played during Chinese New Year and other celebrations, both at home and in private clubs.
• United States – Popularized in the 1920s, especially among Chinese-American communities, with an American version that includes jokers and additional rules.

These countries highlight mahjong’s cultural significance and adaptability, blending tradition with modern interpretations.

Why Do People Play Mahjong?

• Social Connection: Mahjong brings people together, offering a great way to bond with family and friends during gatherings or celebrations.
• Mental Stimulation: The game requires strategy, memory, and quick thinking, making it a fun way to keep the mind sharp.
• Cultural Tradition: For many, playing mahjong is a way to stay connected to cultural heritage, especially during festivals like Chinese New Year.
• Relaxation and Entertainment: Despite its complexity, mahjong is often played for fun and relaxation, providing hours of entertainment.
• Chance to Win: The gambling element in some versions adds excitement, with players enjoying the thrill of winning money or prizes.
• Accessible for All Ages: Mahjong is suitable for a wide age range, making it an activity that grandparents, parents, and kids can enjoy together.
• Symbol of Luck and Prosperity: The game is often associated with luck and good fortune, which adds to its appeal during auspicious occasions.

Rules of Singapore Mahjong

Singapore Mahjong is a localized variation of Mahjong, sharing similarities with the Cantonese (Hong Kong) style but with its own unique twists. Here’s a simplified overview of the rules:

1. Objective The goal is to complete a winning hand consisting of 14 tiles by forming valid combinations (Pongs, Chows, Kongs) and a pair, then declaring “Hu” (win).

2. Setup Tiles: 144 tiles including circles, bamboos, characters, winds, dragons, and flowers (extra joker tiles unique to Singapore Mahjong). Players: 4 players, seated around a square table. Dice Roll: Determines the dealer and starting position.

3. Gameplay Dealing: Each player is dealt 13 tiles (14 for the dealer). Remaining tiles form the wall. Turns: Players take turns drawing a tile and discarding one. The game proceeds clockwise. Combos: Valid sets include: Pong: Three identical tiles. Chow: A sequence of three consecutive tiles from the same suit. Kong: Four identical tiles (requires drawing a replacement tile from the dead wall). Winning: To win, a player needs a hand of 4 sets and 1 pair (2 identical tiles).

4. Special Features in Singapore Mahjong Animal and Flower Tiles: Flowers (plum, orchid, chrysanthemum, bamboo) and Seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) earn bonus points when drawn. Animal tiles (unique to Singapore Mahjong) also grant bonus points (cat, rat, rooster, worm). Joker Tiles: Wildcards that can substitute any tile to complete a set, but only one joker is allowed in a winning hand. Scoring Bonuses: Additional points for specific combinations like “Seven Pairs” (seven pairs of matching tiles) or “Full Flush” (all tiles from one suit).

5. Winning and Scoring When a player completes their hand and declares “Hu,” scoring is calculated based on the combinations, bonuses, and flower/animal tiles. Penalties apply for invalid declarations or specific rule violations.

6. End of the Game The round ends when someone wins or when all tiles from the wall are drawn without a winner (“draw”). The dealer changes after each round unless the dealer wins.

Notes: Rules may vary slightly depending on house customs. Practice and familiarity with tile patterns are key to mastering Singapore Mahjong!

Where Can You Play Mahjong in Singapore?

In Singapore, Mahjong remains a popular pastime for gatherings and competitions. Here are some places where you can enjoy a good game:

1. At Home Private Gatherings: Most Singaporeans play Mahjong at home, especially during festive seasons like Chinese New Year. Advantages: Comfort, flexibility in house rules, and bonding time with family or friends.

2. Mahjong Cafés and Clubs Play Nation (Somerset): Known for its board games, some outlets offer Mahjong sets for rent. Mind Café: A cozy place for gaming enthusiasts, which includes Mahjong among its offerings. Singapore Mahjong Club: A dedicated space for Mahjong lovers to meet, play, and participate in tournaments.

3. Community Centers (CCs) Many CCs organize Mahjong sessions or host classes to teach Mahjong, catering to seniors and enthusiasts alike.

4. Mahjong Tournaments Competitive players can join Mahjong tournaments hosted by clubs or events companies. These tournaments usually require registration and follow official rules.

5. Online Platforms For those who can’t meet in person, online Mahjong platforms are increasingly popular: Singapore Mahjong App: Allows you to play with local rules. International Apps: Platforms like Mahjong Soul and Hong Kong Mahjong provide a virtual gaming experience.

Where Can You Buy a Mahjong Set in Singapore?

If you’re looking to buy a Mahjong set in Singapore, there are plenty of options available, catering to various budgets and preferences. Here’s where you can find them:

1. Department Stores Takashimaya: Offers high-quality Mahjong sets, including premium tiles and custom designs. Price: S$150–S$500, depending on the design and material. TANGS: Sells Mahjong sets with unique packaging, great for gifting. Price: S$120–S$400.

2. Specialty Game Shops Toy Outpost (Plaza Singapura): Carries standard Mahjong sets and accessories. Price: S$60–S$150. King and King Wong (HarbourFront Centre): Known for traditional and decorative Mahjong sets. Price: S$80–S$300.

3. Online Platforms Lazada & Shopee: Offers affordable and customizable Mahjong sets, often with free delivery options. Price: S$20–S$150. Qoo10: Features Mahjong sets with various designs, from classic to travel-sized versions. Price: S$25–S$120.

4. Chinatown Stores Chinatown Complex: Visit shops selling Mahjong sets with traditional designs and accessories. Price: S$50–S$200. People’s Park Centre: Known for affordable Mahjong sets and replacement tiles. Price: S$40–S$120.

5. Bookstores Popular Bookstore: Stocks Mahjong sets suitable for casual players or as gifts. Price: S$50–S$120.

What Unique Mahjong Sets Are Out There?

Mahjong sets have evolved far beyond traditional designs, with companies and brands adding a unique touch to cater to collectors and enthusiasts. Here’s a look at some of the most unique and iconic Mahjong sets available:

1. Airline-Themed Mahjong Sets

Cathay Pacific Mahjong Set

• Features: A sleek, travel-friendly design with tiles inspired by aviation and Cathay’s branding.
• Availability: Released as part of a limited-edition collection for Asia Miles members.
• Price: S$300–S$500 (resale value may vary).

Singapore Airlines Mahjong Set

• Features: Elegant tiles with a batik-inspired design, representing the airline’s signature look.
• Availability: Limited edition, available as part of gift collections or loyalty programs.
• Price: S$400–S$800.

1. Luxury Brand Mahjong Sets

Prada Mahjong Set

• Features: Minimalist tiles crafted in luxurious materials, housed in a sleek Prada-branded case.
• Availability: Sold through Prada boutiques and online stores.
• Price: Approximately S$5,000.

Louis Vuitton Mahjong Set

• Features: Tiles with Louis Vuitton’s iconic monogram pattern, housed in a custom leather case.
• Availability: Limited edition, often sold out in stores and resold at auctions.
• Price: S$10,000–S$15,000.

Gucci Mahjong Set

• Features: Bold designs with Gucci’s signature motifs and branding.
• Availability: Released seasonally, often with other Gucci gaming accessories.
• Price: S$3,000–S$6,000.

1. Brand-Themed Mahjong Sets

McDonald’s Mahjong Set

• Features: Tiles themed around McDonald’s iconic menu items like fries, burgers, and nuggets.
• Availability: Limited release during the Lunar New Year, available through McDonald’s Rewards or promotions.
• Price: S$200–S$300 (depending on promotion details).

Sanrio Mahjong Set

• Features: Tiles featuring beloved Sanrio characters like Hello Kitty and My Melody.
• Availability: Often released in collaboration with retailers or as part of seasonal promotions.
• Price: S$100–S$250.

Starbucks Mahjong Set

• Features: Coffee-inspired designs with cups, beans, and other Starbucks motifs on the tiles.
• Availability: Released in limited quantities during festive periods.
• Price: S$250–S$400.

1. Pop Culture and Regional Sets

Marvel-Themed Mahjong Set

• Features: Tiles inspired by Marvel superheroes, such as Iron Man, Thor, and Captain America.
• Availability: Limited collaborations with retailers or special events.
• Price: S$150–S$300.

Disney Mahjong Set

• Features: Tiles featuring classic Disney characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck.
• Availability: Released in collaboration with Disney Stores or regional campaigns.
• Price: S$200–S$500.

Happy mahjonging! Enjoy in Chinese new year 2025!